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Ptačí chřipka a její chovatelské důsledky
KOTRCOVÁ, Markéta
In the bachelor thesis on the bird flu and its breeding consequences is analyzed the current state of the disease situation of bird flu in the Czech Republic. The main goal was to find out the cause, overview, occurrence and impact of avian influenza on poultry farming.
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Evolution of host specificity in avian influenza
Divín, Daniel ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Horníková, Lenka (referee)
Avian influenza is a dangerous viral disease, which threats animals and people's health and nowadays evokes great concerns linked with pandemic threat. Veterinary procedures tries to limit spreading of infection by eradication of all birds nearby the outbreak place of the disease to limit as much economic damage as possible. However, there is obvious considerable variability in susceptibility, course and transmission of the disease in different species. In model species (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica a Gallus gallus f. domestica), we can see a big difference in course of the disease linked with different equipment of immunity genes. There is fragmented information about other species. The main aim is therefore to summarize knowledge about avian influenza, it's origin, evolution, diversity, spreading in environment and susceptibility of different species to this disease.
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Possible effect of patogens on fttness of selected duck species
Langrová, Anna ; Votýpka, Jan (referee) ; Musil, Petr (advisor)
In total, 76 birds, mainly breeding females, were captured in years 2007-2009. Birds were inspected for the presence of avian influenza (AI) viruses and the AI antibodies. They were inspected as well for the presence of bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum and protozoan Leucocytozoon simondi in blood. The feces were examined for the oocysts and eggs of intestinal parasites. AI viruses were found in 4 cases, while over 80% of inspected birds had AI antibodies. Bacteria B. burgdorferi s. l. and A. phagocytophilum were found in 2 and 1 case respectively. Protozoan L. simondi was not found in any blood smear. The oocysts from protozoan genera Eimeria and Tyzzeria and eggs from roundworm genera Capillaria, Amidostomum and Echinuria were observed in feces. Statistical analyses were due to the small size of our data set inconclusive.
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closed spaces- reason for closure, establishing boundaries, their designation, security, mode of the internal space
JIRÁŇOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor's thesis is focused on issues regarding closed spaces during an intervention- reasons for their closing, setting of boundaries, marking, security and mode of an inner space. In the introductory part are stated most common reasons for the closing of spaces. Bachelor's thesis is divided into theoretical and explorative parts. In the theoretical part are selected and described some reasons for closing a space during an intervention. In the theoretical part of bachelor's thesis are briefly described 12 reasons for a space's closing. For each reason is stated a bried definition, what each problem involves and whom it imminently endangers. Next is described a space, which must be closed. How are set and marked its borders, so no damage or harm to intervening persons takes place, and who takes care of the security of these closed spaces. Borders always change according to the cause. In some cases is a closed space small. For example, during fires with small range. But in some cases must come to pass the closing of large areas, in which an emergency occurs. These areas are then divided into individual zones, according to where certain dangers occur, where are Emergency service's organs situated, and where is an area, where no unauthorized person may enter, 's outer border. Sometimes these zones must be furtherly divided into individual sections and sectors. In all of these areas have intervening organs given actions and tasks in advance. Due to that were for given advance emergencies worked out catalogue files of model actions of Emergency service's organs in the area during an intervention. In these model actions are described tasks, actions and what organs are present during an intervention. The goal of this work was to find out if organs of Emergency service and emergency management are sufficiently prepared for the closing spaces of described individual situations. In the explorative part was asked the question: "Are the organs of Emergency service and emergency management prepared and equipped for occuring emergencies?" This question was put to a chief of the station, commander of a "C" platoon of Fire department of South Bohemia local department Prachatice. Results of these interviews proved that members of Fire department of South Bohemia local department Prachatice are sufficiently prepared for interventions in individual cases, which are stated in the theoretical part of bachelor's thesis. In particular, these include sufficient theoretical training via a form of training courses, practice of usage of protective suits for specific emergencies and breathing techniques. There are also performed tactical drills for these individual events in accordance with plans of Fire department of South Bohemia. If it included an extensive leakage of dangerous substances, firefighters are prepared to set up individual zones in closed space, carry out the rescue of persons found in said space and take measures to prevent further leakage of dangerous substance. Due to the reason of limited material equipment and the amount of serving firefighters in one shift, it is needed to request from a foothold of Fire department of South Bohemia local department České Budějovice an unit with special equipment suited for leakage of dangerous substances through Operation and informational system of South Bohemia. Identical question was also put to a worker of emergency management of Municipalities with extended competence Vodňany. It was clear from the interview that this worker of emergency management of Municipalities with extended competence Vodňany is very well acquainted with the problem of described emergencies. He overlooks sufficient technical equipment, readiness and actualization of individual plans of MEC Vodňany. He also participated in preparation training Zone 2015. He was able to describe to me in detail how Municipalities with extended competence Vodňany proceeds during stated emergencies.
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Senzory pro ptačí chřipku
Krejčová, Ludmila
Mutation rate of influenza viruses is up to a hundred times higher, when compared to other viruses. Thanks to the speed of mutational changes, influenza is considered as the strongest member of the group of potential pandemics agents. In order to prevent the occurrence and spread of pandemic, which could have impact on worldwide population, we need methods for rapid detection of each subtype of influenza viruses. One of the most progressive way of detection of biomolecules are electrochemical sensors and biosensors. The aim of the thesis was to design sensors and biosensors for influenza virus detection, especially avian influenza H5N1, that are based on the isolation of two different parts of influenza virion using paramagnetic particles, coupled with subsequent electrochemical detection of isolated target molecules. We designed and optimized methods for isolation and detection of influenza antigen (hemagglutinin) and influenza nucleic acid (DNA oligonucleotide derived from genomic RNA of influenza). In both cases, quantum dots (QDs) were used as the label of target molecules for electrochemical detection. Two fast, sensitive and low-cost method for isolation and electrochemical detection by square-wave voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were applied.
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The level of fire prevention in agriculturral sector
POISL, Jiří
RÉSUMÉ The name of this graduation thesis is `The condition and standard of securing fire prevention in agriculture properties`. This work focuses on the statistics of fires and direct damages in the agriculture area in years from 1997 to 2008. Those statistics were made according to controls carried out by Czech fire-brigade and also newly appeared illness called bird flu. There were four cases of bird flu confirmed in the Pardubice area of the republic. All of them had to be quickly dissolved. There is also mentioned special equipment called ANPL 100, which was developed so as to provide fire extinction of hay towers in Český Krumlov. This equipment is the only one in the whole republic therefore it is mentioned here in this work. But we do not focus on this equipment in detail because it is done so in other thesis. There are conclusions determined in this thesis. They were found out by this work and certain practical experience. The most important of them are as follows: 1. to regularly carry out controls by fire-brigade in the whole area of The Czech Republic 2. to set a uniform program to carry out those controls 3. carry out updating of emergency plans of single areas and further documentation which will set up procedures and tasks for disposal of infected areas 4. introduce the fire extinction problems in agriculture properties and the ways of destroying the ill animals seats to members of brigades within the regular classified preparation
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Provision of population protection during solving an emergency caused by bulk poultry infection
JIRÁSKOVÁ, Erika
For my bachelor work I have chosen a theme called "Insuring Protection of Inhabitants during Solving Major Incident Caused by Mass Infection in Poultry". Recently the problems connected with aviation influenza have occurred more and more especially the subtype called H5N1. Outbreak of bird flu started in the areas of south-east Asia and for a common European it was a rare and remote disease. In a short period of time the infection spread and crossed the borders of continents and in spring 2006 this dangerous pandemic also occurred in the Czech Republic. Knowledge concerning characters of influenza virus and possibilities of its unpredictable genome are still inefficient and it is known very little about genetic fund of influenza virus and its replication cycle in the nature. Therefore even after some experience it is not known how pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus capable of human-to-human spread develop from many different subtypes which pass among poultry and is able to be deadly not only for large-scale breeding but also for humans. It is also more than necessary to remind general public of basic aspects concerning the outbreak and spread of this disease including other possible impacts in case that virus H5N1 occurs in the Czech Republic and transmits to humans. Nowadays there have been structures of particular measures in form of legislative regulations created. Emergency planning should get big space and attention as it will be used as a basis for all parts which participate and will participate in solving and implementation in case of major incident caused by mass infection in poultry. In spite of developing research, improvement and progress of new technologies, application of the most modern methods and systems, there will still exist a danger of possible outbreak and spread of pandemic infections. The spread can not be prevented, however, the impact should be minimized out of consideration for protection of inhabitants and the environment. To achieve this goal special attention is paid to readiness in form of training programmes and emergency exercises of Emergency Service in cooperation with Regional Health Authority. That is the reason why there is a survey included in this work which shows how inhabitants are informed and ready in case of major incident caused by virus H5N1.
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